Tenses

TENSES

Bentuk waktu dalam bahasa

Tenses merupakan hal yang paling mendasar dalam belajar Bahasa Inggris. Tenses merupakan bentuk waktu yang menjelaskan kapan suatu perbuatan, peristiwa atau situasi berlangsung atau dikerjakan. Jika kita tidak mengenal Tenses, tentu saja makna pembicaraan kita akan sangat sulit dimengerti orang lain.

Belajar Tenses dianggap orang sangat sulit untuk dipelajari. Jangankan nama-nama Tenses, banyaknya Tenses pun banyak orang yang tidak mengetahuinya. Padahal sangat gampang.

Yang perlu kita perhatikan dan ingat, hanya urutan dan Rumus Umum Tenses seperti di bawah ini:

Tenses sebenarnya memiliki pengertian bentuk kata kerja yang menunjukan perubahan waktu. Maksudnya, keterangan waktu yang berbeda dapat mempengaruhi bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan dalam suatu kalimat.

Jadi tenses dapat di artikan sebagai perubahan bentuk kata kerja dalam suatu kalimatyang disebabkan karena perubahan bentuk waktu atau keterangan waktunya.

Dalam bahasa iggsis kita mengenal empat kelompok utama dari tenses yang kemudian membentuk 16 (enam belas) bentuk waktu.

Urutan Tense adalah sbb:

   1. Simple

   2. Continuous

   3. Perfect

   4. Perfect Continuous

Rumus Umum Tense adalah:

-          Present            : Kata Kerja Bentuk I

-          Past                 : Kata kerja Bentuk II

-          Perfect             : Kata Kerja Bentuk III, namun di depannya pasti ada have, has, atau had

-          Future              : Kata Kerja Bentuk I, namun di depannya pasti ada will/shall, would/should

-          Continuous      : Kata Kerja bentuk I ditambah ing. Namun, di depannya pasti ada to be; is, am, are, was, were, be, atau been

Tense Secara Umum adalah sbb:

1)      Present

a)      Present Simple Tense

b)      Present Continuous Tense

c)      Present Perfect Tense

d)     Present Perfect Continuous Tense

2)      Past

a)      Past Simple Tense

b)      Past Continuous Tense

c)      Past Perfect Tense

d)     Past Perfect Continuous Tense

3)      Future

a)      Future Simple Tense

b)      Future Continuous Tense

c)      Future Perfect Tense

d)     Future Perfect Continuous Tense

4)      Past Future

a)      Past Future Simple Tense

b)      Past Future Continuous Tense

c)      Past Future Perfect Tense

d)     Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

JADI 4 X 4 = 16 TENSES

Rumus Umum Tense adalah sbb:

1. Present Simple Tense = S + V1 + dll
2. Present Continuous Tense = S + is, am, are + V-ing + dll
3. Present Perfect Tense = S + have,has + V3 + dll
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense = S + have, has + been + V-ing + dll
5. Past Simple Tense = S + V2 + dll
6. Past Continuous Tense = S + was, were + V-ing + dll
7. Past Perfect Tense = S + had + V3 + dll
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense = S + had + been + V-ing + dll
9. Future Simple Tense = S + will + V1 + dll
10. Future Continuous Tense = S + will + be + V-ing + dll
11. Future Perfect Tense = S + will + have + V3 + dll
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense = S + will + have + been + V-ing + dll
13. Past Future Simple Tense = S + would + V1 + dll
14. Past Future Continuous Tense = S + would + be + V-ing + dll
15. Past Future Perfect Tense = S + would + have + V3 + dll
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense = S + would + have + been + V-ing + dll

Berikut ini contoh Tense dalam kalimat:

    Present Simple Tense = I study English

    Present Continuous Tense = I am studying English

    Present Perfect Tense = I have studied English

    Present Perfect Continuous Tense = I have been studying English

    Past Simple Tense = I studied English

    Past Continuous Tense = I was studying English

    Past Perfect Tense = I had studied English

    Past Perfect Continuous Tense = I had been studying English

    Future Simple Tense = I will study English

    Future Continuous Tense = I will be studying English

    Future Perfect Tense = I will have studied English

    Future Perfect Continuous Tense = I will have been studying English

    Past Future Simple Tense = I would study English

    Past Future Continuous Tense = I would be studying English

    Past Future Perfect Tense = I would have studied English

    Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense = I would have been studying English

Gerunds

GERUNDS

Gerund adalah kata kerja yang berakhiran -ing yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda. Gerunds mempunyai bentuk yang sama dengan Participles, yaitu sama-sama berakhiran -ing, namun berbeda fungsi. Untuk Participles kami akan membahasnya secara terpisah.

Di bawah ini akan kami bahas fungsi dari Gerund. Hal yang perlu diingat adalah Gerunds dianggap sebagai Singular dan kata gantinya adalah "it".

1. Gerund Sebagai Subjek Kalimat:

• Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.
• Reading poems needs skills.

2. Gerund Sebagai Objek Langsung:

• They do not appreciate my singing.
• I like reading very much.

3. Gerund Sebagai Subject Complement:

• My cat's favorite activity is sleeping.
• My hobby is swimming.

4. Gerund Sebagai Objek Kata Depan (Prepositions):

• The police arrested him for speeding. 
• I look forward to hearing from you soon.

5. Gerund Setelah Kata Kerja Tertentu:

• He admitted cheating on the test. 
• The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk.

Untuk lebih lengkapnya, di bawah ini kami buatkan daftar dan contohnya dari kata-kata kerja yang harus ditambah dengan bentuk Gerunds:

• admit = He admitted cheating on the test.
• advise = The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk.
• allow = Ireland doesn't allow smoking in bars.
• anticipate = I anticipated arriving late.
• appreciate = I appreciated her helping me.
• avoid = He avoided talking to her.
• begin = I began learning Chinese.
• can't bear = He can't bear having so much responsibility.
• can't help = He can't help talking so loudly.
• can't see = I can't see paying so much money for a car.
• can't stand = He can't stand her smoking in the office.
• cease = The government ceased providing free healthcare.
• complete = He completed renovating the house.
• consider = She considered moving to New York.
• continue = He continued talking.
• defend = The lawyer defended her making such statements.
• delay = He delayed doing his taxes.
• deny = He denied committing the crime.
• despise = She despises waking up early.
• discuss = We discussed working at the company.
• dislike = She dislikes working after 5 PM.
• don't mind = I don't mind helping you.
• dread = She dreads getting up at 5 AM.
• encourage = He encourages eating healthy foods.
• enjoy = We enjoy hiking.
• finish = He finished doing his homework.
• forget = I forgot giving you my book.
• hate = I hate cleaning the bathroom.
• imagine = He imagines working there one day.
• involve = The job involves traveling to Japan once a month.
• keep = She kept interrupting me.
• like = She likes listening to music.
• love = I love swimming.
• mention = He mentioned going to that college.
• mind = Do you mind waiting here for a few minutes.
• miss = She misses living near the beach.
• need = The aquarium needs cleaning.
• neglect = Sometimes she neglects doing her homework.
• permit = California does not permit smoking in restaurants.
• postpone = He postponed returning to Paris.
• practice = She practiced singing the song.
• prefer = He prefers sitting at the back of the movie theater.
• propose = I proposed having lunch at the beach.
• quit = She quit worrying about the problem.
• recall = Tom recalled using his credit card at the store.
• recollect = She recollected living in Kenya.
• recommend = Tony recommended taking the train.
• regret  = She regretted saying that.
• remember = I remember telling her the address yesterday.
• report = He reported her stealing the money.
• require = The certificate requires completing two courses.
• resent = Nick resented Debbie's being there.
• resist = He resisted asking for help.
• risk = He risked being caught.
• start = He started studying harder.
• stop = She stopped working at 5 o'clock.
• suggest = They suggested staying at the hotel.
• tolerate = I tolerated her talking.
• try = Sam tried opening the lock with a paperclip.
• understand = I understand his quitting.
• urge = They urge recycling bottles and paper.